John G. Roberts, Jr., Chief Justice of the United States, was born in Buffalo, New York,
January 27, 1955. He married Jane Marie Sullivan in 1996; they have two children-Josephine and John.
He received an A.B. from Harvard College in 1976 and a J.D. from Harvard Law School in 1979. He served as a
law clerk for Henry J. Friendly of the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit from 1979-1980
and as a law clerk for then-Associate Justice William H. Rehnquist of the Supreme Court of the United States
during the 1980 Term. He was Special Assistant to the Attorney General, U.S. Department of Justice from 1981-1982,
Associate Counsel to President Ronald Reagan, White House Counsel's Office from 1982-1986, and Principal Deputy
Solicitor General, U.S. Department of Justice from 1989-1993. From 1986-1989 and 1993-2003, he practiced law
in Washington, D.C. He was appointed to the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit in 2003.
President George W. Bush nominated him as Chief Justice of the United States, and he took his seat on September 29, 2005.
Samual A. Alito, Jr. was born in Trenton, New Jersey, April 1, 1950. He married Martha-Ann
Bomgardner in 1985, and has two children -Philip and Laura. He received an A.B. from Princeton University in
1972 and a J.D. from Yale Law School in 1975. He served as a law clerk for Leonard I. Garth of the United States
Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit from 1976–1977. He was Assistant U.S. Attorney, District of New Jersey, 1977–1981,
Assistant to the Solicitor General, U.S. Department of Justice, 1981– 1985, Deputy Assistant Attorney General,
U.S. Department of Justice, 1985–1987, and U.S. Attorney, District of New Jersey, 1987–1990. He was appointed to the
United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit in 1990. President George W. Bush nominated him as
an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court, and he took his seat on January 31, 2006.
Stephen G. Breyer was born August 15, 1938, in San Francisco. He was graduated from Stanford
University in 1959 and traveled to Oxford University on a Marshall Scholarship where he received a B.A. from
Magdalen College in 1961. Breyer earned an LL.B from Harvard Law School in 1964. He served as a law clerk for
Associate Justice Arthur J. Goldberg of the U.S. Supreme Court during the 1964 Term. From 1965 to 1967 Breyer
worked in the U.S. Department of Justice as a special assistant to the Assistant U.S.Attorney for Antitrust,
Donald F. Turner. In 1967 Breyer began his academic career at Harvard Law School, where he taught until 1994.
He also taught at the Harvard University Kennedy School of Government from 1977-1980. In 1973 Breyer returned
to Washington, D.C., as an assistant special prosecutor in the Watergate investigation. He stayed on for the
following two years as special counsel to the Administrative Practices Subcommittee of the Senate Judiciary Committee.
In 1979 he served for two years as chief counsel of the Senate Judiciary Committee. President Jimmy Carter appointed
Breyer to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the First Circuit in 1980 and he became its Chief Judge in 1990. He served
as a member of the U.S. Sentencing Commission from 1985-1989. The following year Breyer became a member of the Judicial
Conference of the United States. On May 14, 1994, President Bill Clinton nominated Breyer Associate Justice of the
Supreme Court. He took the oath of office on August 3, 1994.
Ruth Bader Ginsburg was born in Brooklyn, New York, on March 15, 1933. She received her B.A. from
Cornell University, attended Harvard Law School, and received her LL.B from Columbia Law School. Ginsburg served
as a law clerk to Judge Edmund L. Palmieri of the United States District Court for the Southern District of
New York from 1959-1961. She then became associate director of a comparative law project sponsored by Columbia
University which required her to study the Swedish legal system. In 1963 Ginsburg joined the faculty of
Rutgers Law School in Newark, New Jersey. In 1972 she was hired by Columbia Law School, where she taught until 1980.
Ginsburg served as a fellow at the Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences in Stanford,
California from 1977-1978. In the 1970s Ginsburg litigated sex discrimination Cases for the American Civil Liberties
Union, and was instrumental in launching its Women’s Rights Project in 1973. She served as general counsel
of the ACLU from 1973-1980 and on the National Board of Directors from 1974-1980. President Jimmy Carter appointed
Ginsburg to the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit in 1980. On June 14, 1993
Ginsburg accepted President Bill Clinton’s nomination to the Supreme Court and took her seat on August 10, 1993.
Anthony M. Kennedy was born in Sacramento, California, on July 23, 1936. While an undergraduate
at Stanford University, Kennedy went to England to Study at the London School of Economics for one year.
He as graduated from Stanford University in 1958 and Harvard Law School in 1961. Kennedy was admitted to the
California Bar in 1962 and practiced with a firm in San Francisco. One year later, he returned to his home town of
Sacramento where he practiced law for twelve years. He also served as an adjunct professor at the McGeorge School
of Law, University of the Pacific, from 1965 to 1988. In 1976, President Gerald Ford appointed Kennedy to the
United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit, where he served for twelve years. While on that Court he served
on the Board of Directors of the Federal Judicial Center. President Ronald Reagan nominated Kennedy to the Supreme Court of the United States on November 30, 1987.
The Senate confirmed the appointment on February 3, 1988.
Antonin Scalia was born on March 11, 1936, in Trenton, New Jersey, and raised in Queens, Long Island.
He was graduated from Georgetown University in 1957, spending his junior year at the University of Fribourg, Switzerland.
He was graduated from Harvard Law school in 1960. Scalia moved to Cleveland, Ohio, and practiced there until 1967,
when he joined the faculty of the University of Virginia Law School. In 1971, Scalia became General Counsel of the
White House Office of Telecommunications Policy. He was chairman of the Administrative Conference of the United States
from 1972 to 1974. Scalia was appointed Assistant Attorney General of the Office of Legal Counsel in the Department
of Justice in 1974. After one half year as Resident Scholar at the American Enterprise Institute in Washington, D.C.,
Scalia returned in 1977 to teaching at the University of Chicago Law School. He was also visiting professor at the
Law Schools of Georgetown and Stanford Universities. President Ronald Reagan appointed Scalia to the United States
Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit in 1982. Four years later, on June 24, 1986, President Reagan
nominated Scalia to the Supreme Court of the United States. The Senate confirmed the appointment
on September 17, 1986.
Sonia Sotomayor was born in Bronx, New York, on June 25, 1954. She earned a B.A. in 1976 from
Princeton University, graduating summa cum laude and receiving the university’s highest academic honor.
In 1979, she earned a J.D. from Yale Law School where she served as an editor of the Yale Law Journal.
She served as Assistant District Attorney in the New York County District Attorney’s Office from 1979-1984.
She then litigated international commercial matters in New York City at Pavia & Harcourt, where she served as
an associate and then partner from 1984-1992. In 1991, President George H.W. Bush nominated her to the U.S.
District Court, Southern District of New York, and she served in that role from 1992-1998. She served as a
judge on the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit from 1998-2009. President Barack Obama
nominated her as an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court on May 26, 2009, and she assumed this role on August 8, 2009.
John Paul Stevens was born in Chicago, Illinois on April 20, 1920. He was graduated from the
University of Chicago, in 1941 and from Northwestern University School of Law in 1947, after having served in
the United States Navy during World War II. He served as a law clerk to Associate Justice Wiley B. Rutledge
of the United States Supreme Court for the 1947-1948 Term. He practiced law in Chicago from 1949 ro 1970,
except for 1951, when he served as Associate Counsel to the House Judiciary Committee’s Subcommittee
on the Study of Monopoly Power. In the early 1950s, Stevens taught on the law faculty at Northwestern and Chicago
Universities. From 1953 to 1955, Stevens was a member of the Attorney General’s National Committee to Study
the Antitrust Laws. In 1969, he served as general counsel to a special commission appointed by the Illinois Supreme
Court to investigate the integrity of one of its judgments. In 1970, President Richard M. Nixon appointed Stevens
to the United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit. President Gerald R. Ford nominated Stevens to
the Supreme Court of the United States on December 1, 1975. The Senate confirmed the appointment on December 17, 1975.
Clarence Thomas was born in the Pinpoint Community near Savannah, Georgia, on June 23, 1948.
He was graduated from the College of the Holy Cross in 1971 and from Yale Law School in 1974. Thomas was admitted
to the Missouri bar in 1974 and became an Assistant Attorney general of the State of Missouri the same year.
He was an attorney for the Monsanto Company form 1977 to 1979. Thomas served as legislative assistant to Senator
John C. Danforth of Missouri for the following two years. In 1981, Thomas was appointed Assistant Secretary for
Civil Rights in the United States Department of Education. In 1982, he was named Chairman of the United States Equal
Employment Opportunity Commission and served in that capacity until 1990. President George Bush appointed Thomas to
the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit in 1990. On July 1, 1991, President Bush
nominated Thomas to the Supreme Court of the United States. The Senate confirmed the appointment on October 15, 1991.
